Format Daftar Buku Sumber Belajar Guru dan Siswa Desember 21, 2021 http://bambangharyanto21.madrasah.id 0 <p> D<span face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-size: 16px;">aftar buku sumber belajar guru dan siswa (disebut juga </span><span face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bolder;">buku pegangan</span><span face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-size: 16px;">) adalah sebuah lembar berbentuk tabel yang memuat data buku yang digunakan oleh guru dan siswa sebagai pustaka dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran.</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Daftar buku sumber sangat penting dimiliki guru sebagai bahan informasi terkait pustaka yang akan dijadikan acuan materi belajar bersama siswa. Dengan daftar tersebut guru dapat mengetahui buku apa saja yang akan dipakai untuk mengajar, dan siswa pun dapat mengetahui buku yang harus digunakan untuk belajar.</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Ini tentunya akan bermanfaat baik bagi guru sebagai pelengkap administrasi pembelajaran yang termasuk ke dalam buku kerja guru 3 (tiga).</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div><span style="font-weight: bolder;">Daftar buku pegangan atau sumber belajar guru dan siswa meliputi bagian-bagian yang terdiri dari:</span></div><div><ol style="margin: 1.25rem 0px; padding-left: 3rem;"><li><span style="font-weight: bolder;">Judul</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: bolder;">Nama guru</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: bolder;">Mata pelajaran</span> (sesuai dengan yang diampu masing-masing)</li><li><span style="font-weight: bolder;">Kelas</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: bolder;">Tahun pelajaran, dan</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: bolder;">Tabel yang mencakup kolom-kolom utama seperti Nomor, Judul buku, Pengarang, Penerbit, Tahun terbit, dan Keterangan.</span></li></ol><div>Untuk lebih jelasnya, Bapak/Ibu guru dapat melihat format berikut.</div></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi56HoL5O4OqwgEZ0gYxj48exjE-1TtZb9_13OzMVCmhB4yBL9GAmCJh_WwX2g1PTYThn4A6EuP2mm22mho6s1ApOzZ_4AMOvWBp2lZaUkNJvpcc9wLg27F1RYLfk0lpcqtva8TkHTXh3nO/s600/DaftarBukuPeganganGurudanSiswa+-+BukuSumberBelajarGurudanSiswa.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; color: #636363; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 1em; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;"><img alt="Buku Sumber Belajar/Pegangan Guru dan Siswa" border="0" class="fullwidth" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="600" height="534" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi56HoL5O4OqwgEZ0gYxj48exjE-1TtZb9_13OzMVCmhB4yBL9GAmCJh_WwX2g1PTYThn4A6EuP2mm22mho6s1ApOzZ_4AMOvWBp2lZaUkNJvpcc9wLg27F1RYLfk0lpcqtva8TkHTXh3nO/w640-h534/DaftarBukuPeganganGurudanSiswa+-+BukuSumberBelajarGurudanSiswa.jpg" style="border-style: none; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" width="640" /></a></div></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-weight: bolder;">Cara mengisi tabel daftar buku sumber belajar atau pegangan guru dan siswa:</span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><ul style="margin: 1.25rem 0px; padding-left: 3rem;"><li>Isi terlebih dahulu nama guru, mata pelajaran, kelas, dan tahun pelajaran, sesuai dengan kondisi terbaru</li><li>Isi satu persatu kolom pada tabel mulai dari kiri ke kanan.</li><ul style="margin: 0.5rem 0px; padding-left: 3rem;"><li>Kolom nomor diisi dengan nomor urut sebanyak buku yang digunakan sebagai sumber</li><li>Kolom judul buku diisi dengan judul berdasarkan buku yang dipakai (ada di halaman sampul atau bibliografi)</li><li>Kolom pengarang diisi dengan nama pengarang yang ditulis dari nama belakang, kemudian nama depannya (jika pengarangnya satu orang). Apabila pengarang bukunya dua, maka bisa ditulis dua-dua nya. Apabila banyak, cukup tulis satu nama pengarang yang paling atas, diikuti dengan kata "et all" atau "dkk."</li><li>Kolom penerbit diisi dengan nama perusahaan yang menerbitkan buku</li><li>Kolom tahun diisi dengan tahun penerbitan buku</li><li>Kolom keterangan diisi dengan catatan tambahan yang mungkin perlu ditulis.</li></ul></ul><div>Demikian pembahasan dan format daftar buku sumber belajar guru dan siswa yang dapat disajikan pada artikel ini. Semoga bermanfaat.</div></div></div> KBM Format Daftar Buku Sumber Belajar Guru dan Siswa D aftar buku sumber belajar guru dan siswa (disebut juga buku pegangan ) adalah sebuah lembar berbentuk tabel yang memuat data buku yang d... Baca selengkapnya »
Format Daya Serap Siswa Desember 21, 2021 http://bambangharyanto21.madrasah.id 0 <p><span face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">Cara Menghitung Daya Serap Siswa yang terbagi dengan 2 Versi, yakni :</span></p><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">1. Cara Menghitung Daya Serap Siswa Versi 1</span></b></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cara menghitungnya ialah :</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Jumlah Siswa dibagi Jumlah Siswa dengan Nilai diatas KKM dikali 100%. Misalnya jumlah siswa kelas tersebut berjumlah 40 dan siswa yang memiliki nilai hasil evaluasi diatas KKM berjumlah 22 siswa. Maka perhitungannya ialah (22/40) x 100% = 55,00 nah nilai 55,00 itu adalah Daya Serap Siswa dikelas tersebut pada mata pelajaran tersebut.</span></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br style="overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative;" /></span></div></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">2. Cara Menghitung Daya Serap Siswa Versi 2</span></b></div></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cara menghitungnya ialah : </span></div></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br style="overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative;" /></span></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">DS = TK x RNR / 100</span></b></div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br style="overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative;" /></span></div></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Keterangan:</span></div><ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.5em 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 2.5em; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">DS adalah Daya Serap.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">TK adalah Target Kurikulum.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">RNR adalah rata-rata nilai rapor per mata pelajaran selama satu semester.</span></li><li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">100 adalah faktor pembagi yang sifatnya konstan.</span></li></ul><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Dengan rumus seperti diatas maka kita harus menghitung terlebih dahulu Target Kurikulum (TK). Rumus menghitung TK adalah :</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br style="overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative;" /></span></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">TK = KDT / SKD x 100%</span></b></div></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br style="overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative;" /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Keterangan:</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">TK adalah Target Kurikulum.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">KDT adalah Kompetensi Dasar yang Terlaksana selama Pembelajaran.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">SKD adalah semua Kompetensi Dasar selama satu semester.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">100% adalah faktor pengali yang sifatnya konstan.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br style="overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative;" /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Contoh Perhitungan Daya Serap Siswa</span></b></div><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Diketahui ketercapaian Target Kurikulum pembelajaran adalah 80% dan rata-rata nilai rapor siswa untuk mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia adalah 75,5. Sehingga Daya Serap siswa selama satu semester untuk mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia adalah:</span></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br style="overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative;" /></span></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">DS = TK x RNR / 100 => 80% x 75,5 /100</span></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">=> 6.040 / 100</span></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">DS => 60,4 %</span></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br style="overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative;" /></span></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Jadi Nilai Daya Serap Siswa pada Mapel Bahasa Indonesia adalah <b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">60,4 %</b>.</span></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/14trEok5WAoTTkksxDdZlZ4jRQkHiTODu1gK8uKRmSh8/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Contoh Format daya serap</span></a></div></div> KBM Format Daya Serap Siswa Cara Menghitung Daya Serap Siswa yang terbagi dengan 2 Versi, yakni : 1. Cara Menghitung Daya Serap Siswa Versi 1 Cara menghitungnya ialah :... Baca selengkapnya »